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Bladder Infections in Men, Women and Children

Posted by awiopian at Sunday, October 12, 2008
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Although many people associate a bladder infection with women, all humans are actually at risk for developing this infection. There are numerous causes for bladder infections, as well as urinary tract infections. Let’s take a look at some of the most common urinary tract infection in women, men and children.

Men

Although male urinary tract infections are not as many bladder infections as women, thanks in part to the length of their urethra, which makes it harder for bacteria to reach the bladder, most men will deal with the issue at least once in their lives. Urinary tract infections in men can be incredibly painful for a man, so it is important to understand what causes a urinary tract infection.

First, let’s look at an STD that is becoming increasingly more common and is one of the top causes of bladder infections in men. Chlamydia trachomatis is the second most popular bacteria that can lead to a UTI, and as the name suggests, it is related to the STD known as Chlamydia. You can get this STD through unprotected intercourse. Once the bacteria is present, it travels up the urethra, until it reaches the bladder. After it arrives there, a bladder infection will commonly ensue.

It is important for men that are afflicted with this STD to understand that they can pass the bacteria on to their partner. For women, this is also the second most popular bacteria responsible for a UTI.

By far however, the most common cause of male bladder infection is the bacteria called e-coli. This bacteria is present in most digestive tracts and improper hygiene or specific sex acts can increase the risks of having this bacteria cause a bladder infection in men. Once again, this can also be transmitted during sex, to both partners.

Kidney stones are a common affliction for many man, and one of the usual side effects of this problem is a UTI. The stone creates a blockage in the urethra, which allows bacteria to build up, therby causing a bladder infection. This is a more difficult situation to handle since hygiene does not play as large of a role. Every human has bacteria in their system, but when it builds up, it can easily cause bladder infections in men and women.





Children

By far, the most common cause of urinary tract infections in children is improper hygiene. For children that are just starting their bathroom training, it can be difficult for them to grasp the necessity that they must wipe in the proper direction, from front to back, in order to keep clean. They may have coordination issues at first, and it is quite common for children to experience a UTI during this stage of their lives.

Even if they are past this point in their training, if parents do not effectively monitor hygiene practices, frequent infections can occur. Since this is such a common cause for bladder infections in children, parents must really drive this particular lesson home with their children.

A lack of hand washing can also lead to urinary tract infections in children. They may not be as diligent as they could be, and it is very easy for them to spread the before mentioned bacteria, e-coli to themselves as well as one another. Children must be taught that hand washing is absolutely mandatory to avoid this type of infection.

Women

By far, women have to deal with UTI’s much more frequently than man. There are many causes for female bladder infections that are similar to what men face. Sexual activity is usually the number one issue and cause of bladder infections for women. Whether the woman is using a diaphragm as birth control, or the act itself pushes bacteria into the urethral area, there are many risk factors that women face.

Although these can usually be treated with medication, there are times when this may be complicated by other factors. For example, treating a bladder infection during pregnancy can be risky. Some medications pose a danger to the fetus, so proper medical care is necessary when this is the case.

For some women, urinary tract infection during pregnancy can be attributed to frequent bladder infections. The bladder may not be able to empty all the way, depending on the location of the fetus, and this can lead to a build up of bacteria. Inflammation starts and before long, a full blown bladder infection can occur. If you are pregnant and experiencing frequent UTI’s, it is best to discuss your options with your doctor.

Other causes of bladder infections in women include as we mentioned before, the use of a diaphragm as well as some sexual practices. When a diaphragm is used as a contraceptive, it effectively blocks some debris, which can lead to a build up of bacteria. This bacteria travels up the urethral tract, eventually stopping in the bladder, where it causes a full blown bladder infection.

Sexual relations with men that are infected with the chlamydia trachomatis bacteria can also cause bladder infections in women. This is associated with a common STD that we mentioned earlier in this article. The main issue at hand is that many men do not experience many symptoms with this SID and they may not be aware that they are spreading it.

Certain physical conditions can also be the cause of bladder infections in women. For example, those that suffer from diabetes are usually quite likely to have at least a few bladder infections on a regular basis. Other conditions that suppress the immune system, such as AIDS, can also be blamed as a frequent cause of urinary tract infections in women.

One of the most elusive causes of bladder infections in women may actually be genetics. Although the theory is still being studied, doctors have found that patients with family members that had frequent UTI’s are much more likely to suffer them as well. Research is continuing on this premise, but for now, if you do have a family history of dealing with UTI’s, it is important to let your doctor know.

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Dealing with pregnancy

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Alternatives To Hysterectomy

A hysterectomy is a big decision to take, and women may like to consider alternatives to hysterectomy and discuss these alternatives with their doctor. Here are some of the alternatives to the medical problems that are treated with a hysterectomy.

Fibroids

Some of the alternative treatment options for fibroids include:
  • Waiting until menopause;
  • Inducing temporary menopause by taking GNRH analogues;
  • Mirena intra-uterine system;
  • Heat or laser therapy to reduce the size of the fibroids;
  • Surgically removing the fibroids;
  • Uterine fibroid embolisation.
Heavy Bleeding
Some of the alternative treatment options for heavy bleeding include:
  • Non-hormonal drugs like NSAIDs and tranexamic acid;
  • Hormonal drugs (including the oral contraceptive);
  • Mirena intra-uterine system;
  • Removing the endometrium by endometrial ablation.
Uterine Prolapse
Some of the alternatives for uterine prolapse include:
  • Pelvic floor exercises;
  • Ring pessary;
  • Other surgical procedures.
Endometriosis/Adenomysosis
Some of the alternatives for endometriosis/adenomyosis include:
  • Hormonal drugs (progestins, Danazol and GNRH analogues);
  • Removal of the endometrial tissue;
  • Mirena intra-uterine system.
Cancer
There is no real alternative for treating cancer, except with a hysterectomy.

Benefits of Hysterectomy

A hysterectomy can be a difficult decision to make and other options may like to be considered before the hysterectomy is done. Some of the benefits of a hysterectomy include:
  • Can be life-saving in the case of cancer;
  • Can more effectively treat certain medical conditions than other methods;
  • A hysterectomy will often remove the chances of the problem reoccurring.

Risks of Hysterectomy

There are some risks in any hysterectomy procedure. Some of these risks include:
  • Post-operative fever and infection;
  • Formation of a blood clot in the lungs;
  • Damage to surrounding organs;
  • Urinary complaints;
  • Risk of vaginal vault prolapse.

Making the Decision

Most women who face the prospect of a hysterectomy have some time to think about whether they want to undergo this operation. It is worth spending some thought about whether this is what you want to do before you make the decision. You should also discuss the different types of hysterectomy available with your doctor. A total abdominal hysterectomy has more recovery time and more risks than a vaginal hysterectomy.

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Dealing with pregnancy

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Severe Complications in Pregnancy

There are some severe complications in pregnancy for women as follows


Placenta Previa

Placenta previa is the implantation of the placenta over or near the cervix, in the lower instead of the upper part of the uterus. The placenta can completely or partially cover the opening of the cervix. This occurs in 1 of 200 deliveries, and happens usually in women who have had more than one pregnancy.
Bleeding During Pregnancy
Bleeding during all phases of pregnancy can potentially be dangerous, contacting your doctor is necessary if this problem is experienced. Vaginal bleeding is the secretion of any blood coming from your vagina (the tract leading from the uterus to the external genitals).
Preterm Labour
Premature labour occurs if a woman has regular contractions that cause the cervix to start to open or thin out (called dilation and effacement) before the pregnancy has reached 37 weeks of pregnancy. If a baby is delivered before the 37th week, it is considered to be a premature birth.
Postpartum Depression
Depression occurring after pregnancy is called postpartum depression. Hormonal changes in a woman's body can sometimes trigger symptoms of depression. Post problems after pregnancy can sometimes be treated with mild antidepressants and the depression will lessen once the hormones in the body have settled down.
Sciatic Neuralgia
Sciatic neuralgia is a pain from the buttocks down the leg to the foot or just the buttocks and thigh. This pain may be accompanied by numbness or weakness in the affected area. This pain is caused by a herniated disc in the back and can occur after childbirth.
Toxaemia of Pregnancy
One of the common after pregnancy problems that also may occur during a pregnancy, is toxaemia. This pregnancy-induced hypertension is a dangerous condition that can happen during pregnancy. The blood pressure may rise significantly and the swelling of ankles and hands, sudden weight gain and protein in the urine may be experienced.

It is important to avoid pregnancy problems by taking good care of your body during a pregnancy. Complications in pregnancy cannot always be avoided but by making sure to recognise any signs of possible problems will certainly help.

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Dealing with pregnancy

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How to Prevent the Complications in Pregnancy?

During pregnancy, a problem may occur or a condition may develop to make the pregnancy high risk. Many women experience pregnancy problems at some stage in their pregnancy and medical problems can sometimes spoil a very happy time.

One of the possible complications in pregnancy for example is the fact that sometimes pregnant women can be exposed to something that could produce birth defects (teratogens), like radiation, certain chemicals, drugs, or infections in the body. There is always a (slim) chance for disorders to develop. Complications can arise at any point in time during the pregnancy, or after the birth of a child.

What is Ectopic Pregnancy?

One of the problems in pregnancy that could be experienced is a so-called ectopic pregnancy. This is caused by the fact that a fertilized egg has planted itself in a place in the female body outside the uterus. Most of the time the egg will settle itself in the fallopian tube and that is why ectopic pregnancies are also referred to as tubal pregnancies. There is no space or nurturing tissue for a pregnancy to develop if this happens. As the fetus grows, it will eventually damage and burst the organ that contains it. If this happens severe bleeding can occur and can endanger the mother's life. A classical ectopic pregnancy cannot develop into a live birth.

Possible Complications in Pregnancy

During a pregnancy women can develop disorders that are not necessarily related to pregnancies. Some of these conditions increase the risk of problems for pregnant women or for the foetus. These conditions include disorders that cause a fever, infections, or disorders that require abdominal surgery. Other possible problems during pregnancy are:
Gestational Diabetes
About 1 to 3% of all pregnant women have a chance of developing diabetes during their pregnancy. This type of pregnancy diabetes disorder is called gestational diabetes. If this remains unrecognized and untreated, it can increase the risk of health problems during pregnancy and the foetus is at risk of dying. This type of diabetes is more common among obese women and among women of certain ethnic groups, particularly Native Americans, Pacific Islanders, and women of Mexican, Indian, and Asian descent. This type of diabetes can possibly cause thyroid problems and pregnancy risks.

Some doctors run routine screenings of all pregnant women for pregnancy diabetes. Other doctors test only those women who have risk factors for, like obesity and certain ethnic backgrounds. Blood tests are used to measure blood sugar levels.
Anaemia
Often pregnant women develop anaemia because they have an iron deficiency. The body needs double the amount of iron during pregnancy because iron is needed to make red blood cells in the foetus. Anaemia can develop because of a lack of folic acid. Usually this is prevented or treated by taking iron and folic acid supplements during pregnancy.
Placental Complications
There are some of the following placental complications as follows:
Placental Abruption
Placental Abruption is the premature detachment of a placenta from the wall of the uterus. The placenta can loosen incompletely or completely. The cause for this problem is unknown. This complication is more common with women who have a high blood pressure.

Continue to: Severe Complications in Pregrancy

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Dealing with pregnancy

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How to Prevent the Complications in Pregnancy?

During pregnancy, a problem may occur or a condition may develop to make the pregnancy high risk. Many women experience pregnancy problems at some stage in their pregnancy and medical problems can sometimes spoil a very happy time.

One of the possible complications in pregnancy for example is the fact that sometimes pregnant women can be exposed to something that could produce birth defects (teratogens), like radiation, certain chemicals, drugs, or infections in the body. There is always a (slim) chance for disorders to develop. Complications can arise at any point in time during the pregnancy, or after the birth of a child.

What is Ectopic Pregnancy?

One of the problems in pregnancy that could be experienced is a so-called ectopic pregnancy. This is caused by the fact that a fertilized egg has planted itself in a place in the female body outside the uterus. Most of the time the egg will settle itself in the fallopian tube and that is why ectopic pregnancies are also referred to as tubal pregnancies. There is no space or nurturing tissue for a pregnancy to develop if this happens. As the fetus grows, it will eventually damage and burst the organ that contains it. If this happens severe bleeding can occur and can endanger the mother's life. A classical ectopic pregnancy cannot develop into a live birth.

Possible Complications in Pregnancy

During a pregnancy women can develop disorders that are not necessarily related to pregnancies. Some of these conditions increase the risk of problems for pregnant women or for the foetus. These conditions include disorders that cause a fever, infections, or disorders that require abdominal surgery. Other possible problems during pregnancy are:
Gestational Diabetes
About 1 to 3% of all pregnant women have a chance of developing diabetes during their pregnancy. This type of pregnancy diabetes disorder is called gestational diabetes. If this remains unrecognized and untreated, it can increase the risk of health problems during pregnancy and the foetus is at risk of dying. This type of diabetes is more common among obese women and among women of certain ethnic groups, particularly Native Americans, Pacific Islanders, and women of Mexican, Indian, and Asian descent. This type of diabetes can possibly cause thyroid problems and pregnancy risks.

Some doctors run routine screenings of all pregnant women for pregnancy diabetes. Other doctors test only those women who have risk factors for, like obesity and certain ethnic backgrounds. Blood tests are used to measure blood sugar levels.
Anaemia
Often pregnant women develop anaemia because they have an iron deficiency. The body needs double the amount of iron during pregnancy because iron is needed to make red blood cells in the foetus. Anaemia can develop because of a lack of folic acid. Usually this is prevented or treated by taking iron and folic acid supplements during pregnancy.
Placental Complications
There are some of the following placental complications as follows:
Placental Abruption
Placental Abruption is the premature detachment of a placenta from the wall of the uterus. The placenta can loosen incompletely or completely. The cause for this problem is unknown. This complication is more common with women who have a high blood pressure.

Continue to: Severe Complications in Pregerancy

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Dealing with pregnancy

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Alternatives To Hysterectomy

A hysterectomy is a big decision to take, and women may like to consider alternatives to hysterectomy and discuss these alternatives with their doctor. Here are some of the alternatives to the medical problems that are treated with a hysterectomy.

Fibroids

Some of the alternative treatment options for fibroids include:
  • Waiting until menopause;
  • Inducing temporary menopause by taking GNRH analogues;
  • Mirena intra-uterine system;
  • Heat or laser therapy to reduce the size of the fibroids;
  • Surgically removing the fibroids;
  • Uterine fibroid embolisation.

Heavy Bleeding
Some of the alternative treatment options for heavy bleeding include:
  • Non-hormonal drugs like NSAIDs and tranexamic acid;
  • Hormonal drugs (including the oral contraceptive);
  • Mirena intra-uterine system;
  • Removing the endometrium by endometrial ablation.
Uterine Prolapse
Some of the alternatives for uterine prolapse include:
  • Pelvic floor exercises;
  • Ring pessary;
  • Other surgical procedures.
Endometriosis/Adenomysosis
Some of the alternatives for endometriosis/adenomyosis include:
  • Hormonal drugs (progestins, Danazol and GNRH analogues);
  • Removal of the endometrial tissue;
  • Mirena intra-uterine system.
Cancer
There is no real alternative for treating cancer, except with a hysterectomy.

Benefits of Hysterectomy

A hysterectomy can be a difficult decision to make and other options may like to be considered before the hysterectomy is done. Some of the benefits of a hysterectomy include:
  • Can be life-saving in the case of cancer;
  • Can more effectively treat certain medical conditions than other methods;
  • A hysterectomy will often remove the chances of the problem reoccurring.

Risks of Hysterectomy

There are some risks in any hysterectomy procedure. Some of these risks include:
  • Post-operative fever and infection;
  • Formation of a blood clot in the lungs;
  • Damage to surrounding organs;
  • Urinary complaints;
  • Risk of vaginal vault prolapse.

Making the Decision

Most women who face the prospect of a hysterectomy have some time to think about whether they want to undergo this operation. It is worth spending some thought about whether this is what you want to do before you make the decision. You should also discuss the different types of hysterectomy available with your doctor. A total abdominal hysterectomy has more recovery time and more risks than a vaginal hysterectomy.

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Dealing with pregnancy

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Hysterectomy - When Do You Need It?

A hysterectomy is an operation through which some of the female reproductive system is removed. A hysterectomy may be performed as a vaginal hysterectomy, a laparoscopic hysterectomy or an abdominal hysterectomy. A hysterectomy may be conducted when there is need of a total abdominal hysterectomy.

Different hysterectomy operations may remove different parts of the reproductive system. Some of the different hysterectomy procedures include sub-total or partial hysterectomy, hysterectomy with ovarian conservation, hysterectomy with oophorectomy, radical or Wertheim's hysterectomy.

When is a Hysterectomy Recommended?

A hysterectomy is recommended when a women has health problems related to her reproductive organs. Some cases where a hysterectomy may be recommended include fibroids, heavy bleeding, endometriosis, prolapse, cancer and uncontrolled bleeding after having a baby.

Preparation for a Hysterectomy

Different hysterectomy operations are performed in different ways. How the hysterectomy is done will depend on the type of hysterectomy operation being conducted. There are three main options for hysterectomy surgery; abdominal hysterectomy, vaginal hysterectomy and laparoscopic hysterectomy.
  • An abdominal hysterectomy is done when there is need for extensive exploration of the reproductive system, when the uterus is enlarged or on women who have never had children or who are obese. It can be done with a vertical incision (which involves a cut from the naval to the public hairline) or by a bikini line cut (which is a horizontal incision above the pubic hairline). After the incision has been made, the surgeon will explore the reproductive system and remove the organs that need to be removed.
  • A vaginal hysterectomy involves an incision in the upper portion of the vagina. The uterus is then removed through the vagina.
  • A laparoscopic hysterectomy involves making three or four small cuts in the abdomen. A laparoscope is inserted through the incisions into the abdominal cavity. The organs are then viewed on a screen and other incisions are made as necessary.

Types of Hysterectomy Surgery

There are also different types of hysterectomy surgery, according to the different organs that are removed. Here are some of the main types of hysterectomy surgery that may be performed.
  • Sub-total or partial hysterectomy. This operation removes the Fallopian tubes and the upper two-thirds of the uterus. The cervix is preserved.
  • Hysterectomy with ovarian conservation. This operation removes the Fallopian tubes, uterus and the cervix, but preserves the ovaries. This operation is also known as a total hysterectomy.
  • Hysterectomy with oophorectomy. This operation removes the Fallopian tubes, uterus and cervix and one or both sets of the ovaries.
  • Radical or Wertheim's hysterectomy. This operation removes the Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, ovaries, lymph nodes and the upper portion of the vagina. This operation is usually used for cancer cases.

After Hysterectomy

Hysterectomy recovery will depend on the method of the hysterectomy and the type of hysterectomy performed. A vaginal hysterectomy will require less recovery time after hysterectomy than a total abdominal hysterectomy. Women with an abdominal hysterectomy generally take around eight weeks before they can resume normal activities. They will need to stay in hospital from two to five days, depending on the type of operation performed.

Side effects of a hysterectomy can include:
  • Feeling nauseous from the general anaesthetic;
  • Pain and discomfort in the abdominal region;
  • Vaginal discharge or bleeding.
During the recovery period, women need to avoid heavy lifting, bending at the waist, pressure on the wound, active activities and sexual penetration. A post-operative check-up will take place about six weeks after the operation. Some pre-menopausal women who have a hysterectomy may need to take hormone replacement therapy.

Continue to: Alternatives to hysterectomy

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Dealing with pregnancy

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Best Infertility Treatment Procedures

Treatment for Infertility or infertility solutions depends on the factor that has caused infertility. Once the cause of infertility is known the person can proceed for the treatment.

Infertility Drugs

Infertility drugs as one of the initial infertility solutions that are given for ovulation and can be combined with other treatment procedure to facilitate the treatment. Clomiphene citrate is given to females with irregular periods and prolonged cycles. It blocks estrogen and regulated pituitary for secretion of FSH and LH that eases release of the egg. The medicine is suggested for polycystic ovary and irregular periods.

Glucophage for infertility assists to cure Pos or Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Superovulation or controlled ovarian stimulation is used if Clomiphene is not able to cure the problem. FSH and LH are directly administered collectively and better known as gonadotropins that replicate the natural process of ovulation.
Surgery
Surgery is mostly used to remove if there is any kind of blockage in the fallopian tubes. At times the presence of fibroids also results in infertility, the fibroids then needs to be surgically removed. Presence of cyst in the fallopian tube if does not respond to medicine then surgery remains as the only option for removing the cysts.

Other Options for Infertility Treatment

There some of the options for infertility treatment as follow:
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI):
With the females tube healthy this is a very simple treatment. The sperm of the male is put into the ovaries at the time of release of the egg increasing the chance of pregnancy. This treatment is popularly known Artificial Pregnancy.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF):
The procedure of this treatment involves external proceedings, the egg and sperm from female and male partner is taken and fertilized in the laboratory and then planted in the fetus. This treatment often gives multiple babies.
Egg Donation
is also a solution to infertility where the female does not have eggs, a donor is the only solution where the egg is taken from the donor and fertilized.

Does Infertility Lead to other Complications?

Inability to bear a child is not just a problem or disease that needs to be treated it is also a traumatic experience for people who are desperate for a family. It is a stressful period to get diagnosed and know the reason for infertility. The treatment for infertility though has high success rates yet there are times when several attempts are taken before a successful pregnancy. The failure period of treatment causes depression in both the partners. Anger, frustration and anxiety occur because of prolonged treatment and medication. Certain treatment procedure requires constant or regular checkups in a female's uterus and ovaries, which are quite painful, and therefore causes pain in the pelvic region. Vaginal bleeding or discharge during treatment is painful and stressful. Some people have noticed change in weight during treatment. It is very important to know the complications that might occur during the treatment, Counseling and correct information on infertility at this point of time can be helpful to cope the situation and face the complications with positive attitude.

How to Prevent Infertility

Healthy Diet: It is very essential to comprise diet with nutritious vitamins, proteins and folic acid that cures the deficiency and birth defects.

Weight: Ovulation can become difficult if you the female is over or under weight, Complications arise during pregnancy if the female is over weight.

Quit Tobacco: Smoking by females is one of the factors that cause infertility, early menopause in women at times results because of smoking. It is a must to quit smoking and stop all kinds of tobacco.

Alcohol: Alcohol consumption decreases the chances of pregnancy and often leads to frequent miscarriage.

Exercise: Moderate exercise keeps the person fit and maintains weight. Chances of ovulation increase in a healthy person. Exercising is a self-regulated cure.

Tips to Cope with Infertility

Infertility leads to stress and anxiety, it is very important to have a strong relationship between the couples and they should be supportive to each other. Counselor can help the couples to deal with the emotional turmoil and talking to a counselor can change one's outlook and attitude. Acupuncture has emerged as an effective alternate in coping with infertility. It regulates ovulation in females. Joining groups of people with similar problems can be of great help in sharing one's feeling and thought process. Infertility treatment has 90% success rate, it is very important to maintain a positive attitude while going for the treatment.

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Dealing with pregnancy

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Consider These Sure Cures For Infertility

Infertility conventionally is defined as the inability to bear or conceive a child even after regular intercourse without contraceptive for a year. To conceive the women must ovulate.

A woman is born with the eggs while a man's sperm is produced during reproductive years. With the advancing age the eggs reduce in their quantity that diminishes fertility slowly. The reproduction cycle should be synchronized in both male and female for a successful pregnancy.

What is the Difference between Infertility and Sterility?

Sterility is often taken as a synonym to infertility, though they both mean disability to bear a child yet they have a very basic difference. Infertility mostly point at the inability to conceive, which may be because of various internal or external factors. Sterility means when the person is unable to reproduce sexually, this mostly is because of problem in the reproductive system.

Infertility might exist because of certain abnormalities that might not be related to the reproductive system. At times infertility exist because of stress, emotional shocks or side effect of any treatment, but sterility is very restricted to the reproductive system like damage in ovaries or varicose veins in the testicles might cause sterility.

Are there Symptoms for Infertility?

Infertility symptoms vary and there are no rigid symptoms that can easily distinguish infertility. Infertility symptoms can be seen in a female if she has:
  • Irregular periods
  • Absence of periods
  • Weight gain
  • Pelvic pain
  • Chronic acne
The above symptoms though are taken, as signs of infertility yet at times there are no significant symptoms for infertility.

Cause of Infertility

There are various factors that lead to infertility. Certain common factors are briefly discussed below:
Thyroid
Thyroid problem in females is one of the factors associated with infertility, if the secretion of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism) is high or low (hypothyroidism), it can interrupt cycles. Irregular periods therefore cause infertility.
Diabetes Mellitus
High level of blood sugar can lead to weight gain or loss, anxiety and hormonal imbalance in the body. The hormonal imbalance leads to infertility.
Ovarian Factors
Ovarian factors that results in infertility are listed below:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
High amount of secretion of androgens, which is more of male hormone than female hormone can result in infertility. This causes most of the menstrual period disorder. Absence of periods or infrequent periods is the symptom of POS. The female may develop facial hairs, acne and obesity if suffering from POS.
Ovarian Cyst
The sac of fluid that grows in ovary is termed as an ovarian cyst. At times the cyst does not respond to medical treatment or goes off by itself then it can lead to infertility. The cyst then needs to be surgically removed.
Early Menopause
It is also termed as premature ovarian failure and may be caused by STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease) Tuberculosis and mumps. Early weakening of follicles is the main reason for early menopause at about the age of 40.

Tubal or Peritoneal Factors

There are some of the tubal factors as follows
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a state when fragments of the endometrial lining are implanted in other areas of the pelvic instead of traveling from uterus to vagina. It blocks the eggs passage and does not allow release of the egg. It causes burning and inflammation with painful periods and leads to infertility.
Implantation Failure
It is also termed as Luteal Phase defect where the ovum fails to implant in the endometrium. This state leads to frequent miscarriages.

Other Factors

The other factors include the following
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Infection caused by various bacteria in the reproductive region causes PID. The frequency of these infections causes scarring and abscess or tubal damage that causes infertility.
Benign Fibroids
These are one of the most common reasons for infertility in women. This non-cancerous tumor or fibroids that either blocks the fallopian tubes or grow in the uterus and occupying space, which does not allow the growth of the egg leading to either miscarriages or infertility.
Medication for Cancer Treatment
Radiation and chemotherapy might damage the reproductive system and cause infertility. Therefore a women going through the treatment and want to conceive should take proper consultation from the physician.

How is Infertility Diagnosed?

Infertility is diagnosed by complete physical examination and medical history. Several preliminary test and laboratory test can be done for proper analysis and requirement.
  • Hormonal test to determine the low or high hormones secretion.
  • Blood test for thyroid and for prolactin levels.
  • Ultrasound and Sonography are infertility tests to check uterus, ovaries, fibroids, ovarian cysts and tumors, and if any obstructions in the urinary tract
  • Hysteroscopy is also an infertility test that checks for the presence of endometriosis, fibroids, pelvic scars or blockage in the fallopian tubes.
  • Hysterosalpingography can check for the possible blockage in the fallopian tubes or abnormality in uterus. A tube is inserted in the cervix and the dye is passed in the fallopian tubes and uterus and then X-ray is taken. Often tiny blockage can be removed using this procedure.
  • Laproscopy can check for any abnormalities in the pelvis area and can be used to remove abnormal tissues in the pelvis. A cut is made in the lower abdomen and the tubular microscope inserted to look more closely at the womb, Fallopian tubes and ovaries.
  • Progesterone and infertility are combined together with coloscopy to detect for any abnormality in the ovaries.
Continue to: Best Infertility Treatment Procedure

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Best Anorexia Treatment Methods

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After medical and psychological tests it is time to treat the disorder. Often this is a very difficult path for any patient, emotionally and physically. Treatment methods that could be used are:


Psychotherapy

Different types of therapy such as Individual, family and group therapy may all be beneficial for anorexia sufferers. Individual therapy could possibly help a person to deal with the behavior and thoughts that contribute to anorexia. Cognitive behavior therapy is most commonly used. This is a type of therapy in which thought patterns are changed.
Medical care
Because of all the medical complications caused by anorexia, people with the condition often need to have their vital signs checked. Often a doctor will keep a close eye on the hydration levels of the body and the condition of the patient's skin.
Nutritional therapy.
A dietician can offer guidance and a healthy diet plan. As the symptoms of anorexia wear off, the patient will need to learn how to follow a healthy eating plan instead of seeing food as an enemy.

Is it Possible to Prevent Anorexia?

Paediatricians can possibly recognize the early signs of anorexia in people. If this is the case they can be helpful in preventing the development of a full-blown illness. These professionals can ask questions about eating habits and can keep track on the physical appearance of a person. If you know someone who might be suffering from anorexia, try talking to them about your concerns or speak to a trained professional about your worries.

Guidelines for Dealing with Anorexia

If you suffer from anorexia, these steps could help you:

It is important to talk to your doctor about any mineral supplements. Your body might not be getting all the nutrients it needs. Don't be embarrassed or ashamed to speak to a doctor

Stick with your treatment. If you have trouble following your meal plan, talk about it, but don't dismiss or stop using the plan.

Make sure to not isolate yourself from family and friends who want to help you get healthy. Understand that they have your best interest at heart.

How to Cope with Anorexia?

It can be very difficult to cope with anorexia when you keep seeing messages by the media, culture, and perhaps your own relatives or friends focusing on weight loss and being thin. How can you possible cope with this disorder and the symptoms of anorexia if you are being told that being thin is a sure sign of success?

Keep reminding yourself about the healthy weight for your body

Do not visit any pro-anorexia Web sites on the Internet. Anorexia is a disease ad not a lifestyle.

Acknowledge that you are not be the best judge of your own food habits at this point in time.

Look for positive healthy role models, even though they can be hard to find.

With these suggestions you might be able to help yourself or find help for a friend or relative suffering from this destructive disorder. The signs of anorexia are not always clear but eventually anorexia symptoms will surface if a person is suffering from this eating disorder.

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Are You Starving Yourself to Slim Down? You Could Be Suffering From Anorexia

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Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder as well as a psychological disorder. Anorexia is a condition that goes beyond dieting and the signs of anorexia can be hard to interpret and understand.

A person with anorexia symptoms might initially start dieting to lose weight. With anorexic people losing weight turns into an issue concerning the control or fears relating to one's body.

Does Anorexia Lead to Other Complications?

The effects of anorexia can cause many different physical and mental problems. Some heath threatening side effects of this disorder are:

1. Infertility caused by the absence of menstruation due to hormonal abnormalities.

2. Bone loss. As the body gets fewer nutrients than it really needs and hormonal imbalance shakes the body's system of regeneration, bone loss or bone damage may occur.

3. Anemia. Due to a lack of nutrients in the body a person suffering from anorexia may develop anemia, a lack of iron in the blood that will cause a feeling of weakness, tiredness and overall inability to function or perform physical activity.

Impact of Anorexia on Pregnant women

If a woman does not get treatment for anorexia and regain her normal weight before she gets pregnant there is a very high risk of miscarriage as the body can have difficulty providing nutrients for the foetus. Also, the anorexic body is suffering from fluctuating hormone problems if a person is anorexic. If an anorexic woman gets pregnant, urgent anorexia treatment is needed for the foetus to develop healthily.

The Differences between Anorexia and Bulimia

The main difference between anorexia and bulimia is the fact that people suffering from anorexia starve themselves, avoid high-calorie foods and have the urge to exercise constantly. People with bulimia eat huge amounts of food, but they throw up soon after eating, or take laxatives or diuretics to not gain any weight. People with bulimia tend to not lose as much weight as people with anorexia.

Two Categories of Anorexia

There are two main different types of anorexia but these two types can sometimes overlap. The two types are:
Restricting Anorexia
People suffering from this type of anorexia lose weight because they are severely limiting the amount of food they eat. They also try to lose weight by exercising excessively.
Binge-eating anorexia/purging
People suffering from this type of anorexia are trying controlling their weight by getting rid of food or calories by vomiting after a meal or they misuse laxatives, diuretics or enemas. Some of these people possibly eat excessive amounts of food, and then purge. Others purge after eating a small amount of food.

Symptoms of Anorexia

There are many, often disturbing, signs and symptoms of anorexia. Some of the best identifiable symptoms are:
  • A thin appearance.
  • Abnormal blood counts noted by a doctor.
  • Fatigue.
  • Dizziness or fainting.
  • Brittle nails.
  • Hair that gets thinner rapidly, breaks or falls out.
  • A very dry skin.

Causes of Anorexia

It is hard to pinpoint one particular cause of anorexia. As every person is different, every anorexia sufferer has a different reason for their disorder. Some causes are:
Biological Reasons
Some people are genetically more vulnerable to developing anorexia than others. Anorexia facts show that quite often women with a relative suffering from an eating disorder are at higher risk. Genetics could cause a tendency toward perfectionism, sensitivity and perseverance, which are all associated with this disorder.
Psychological Reasons
People with anorexia often have psychological and emotional characteristics that could cause anorexia. A sense of low self-worth, for instance, could trigger people into developing anorexia.
Sociocultural Reasons
The modern world has reinforced an image of thinness that equals beauty upon us. Success and worth are often equated with being thin, causing people with problems or a low self-esteem to develop anorexia. This is one of the most common anorexia causes.

Diagnosis of Anorexia

If a doctor suspects a possible case of anorexia, the following tests are often used to determine whether a patient is suffering from illness or anorexia:
A physical exam
This type of exam could include measuring height and weight; checking vital signs, such as heart rate, blood pressure and temperature; checking the skin for dryness or other problems; listening to the heart and lungs; and examining the abdomen.
Laboratory tests.
Blood counts may be done to check for traces of protein in the blood and the liver, kidney and thyroid functions will be tested.
Psychological evaluation
A psychological test might be done to assess the thoughts, feelings and eating habits of a potential anorexia patient. Psychological self-assessment tests and questionnaires are also used. sometimes.

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Hair Loss Treatment In Women

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There are several ways to treat female hair loss with different hair loss products, some commonly used methods are:


Medication
Minoxidil, a topically applied solution stimulates hair growth if the hair follicle is small and not producing hair. This product is FDA approved for treating both male and female hair loss. Anthralin, another treatment, alters the immune function in the affected skin and is an approved psoriasis treatment.
Surgical procedures
If medication does not have any effect, a doctor can help refer you to a hair specialist for hair implants. This is a procedure that is often performed in a few different sessions under local anaesthetic.

Click here for more information on surgical hair restoration.

Head Massage
Head massage is said to stimulate the hair follicles and hair growth, producing new hair growth after only a few sessions. This treatment is quite experimental and success is never guaranteed.

Are Estrogens Prescribed by Physicians to Treat Hair Loss in Women?

Oral and topical estrogens are prescribed by physicians to treat hair loss for women although there are no controlled studies to support this use of estrogen. The hormone is said to regulate hair growth when hair loss is caused by a hormonal imbalance.

How to Cope with Hair Loss?

It can be very challenging to have to cope with hair loss problems. As female baldness is often not socially accepted, women suffering from this problem sometimes also develop a lack of self-esteem or embarrassment due to the problem. What steps can you take to be able to deal with your hair loss problem?

Get an idea of the cause of your baldness and available treatment options. Speak to as many doctors and professionals as you can and don't be scared to ask for a second opinion. Your looks and hair are part of your image in the outside world and if you feel unhappy because of your hair loss nothing is more important than finding the right treatment or help for you. Check out both regular and alternative medicine options and decide what's best for you.

Educate those near you. Let people know that female baldness is nothing to be ashamed of, nor is it anything that you can change at will. Women suffering from hair loss don't have to be old or ill to experience this problem. If you feel up to it, get in touch with women with the same problem, for example on the Internet.

Don't experiment. Experimenting with any hair growth formula that you can buy anywhere might do more damage to your scalp and only a professional can assess the problem and suggest the right treatment for your hair and scalp.

Female hair loss can often be helped with the right hair loss treatment. Getting advice and finding out what your options are will help you back on your way to healthy hair.

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Hair Loss Among Women - It is not as Simple as it Sounds

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Usually women do not expect to have to cope with female hair loss even if there is a history of hair loss in their family, with males or females. The general belief tends to be that baldness is a problem for males, not for women. Female hair loss is only accepted when women are old and it is hard to find a hair loss treatment specifically aimed at females.


Types of Hair Loss
There are three main types of hair loss (alopecia) in women. These types are:

Androgenetic alopecia

This is a type of inherited pattern hair loss and it is the most common cause of permanent hair loss in both women and men.

Alopecia Areata

This type of hair loss occurs because the immune system is attacking the hair follicles

Traumatic Alopecia

This type of hair loss is caused by braiding or chemically treating the hair. Hot rollers and other appliances can damage the hair to an extent that the hair follicles will stop producing hairs, causing baldness. This treatment is commonly used to stop hair loss.

Causes for Hair Loss in Women

The cause of female hair loss is different for every woman and sometimes it is possible to stop hair loss by, for example, not using a specific hair treatment product or method anymore. Other causes for female hair loss are:

Poor nutrition. A lack of essential vitamins and minerals in your diet might cause hair loss.

Certain types of medication can cause hair loss. If you are using medication and you are experiencing hair loss, contact your doctor.

A scalp infection can be the cause of (temporary) hair loss.

Damaging hair treatments with acids or heat can damage the hair and follicles to an extent where hair will stop growing.

Diagnosis of Hair Loss in Women

A doctor can diagnose your hair loss on the basis of (for example) medical history. Other facts on which a diagnosis can be based are:

Regularly checking the pattern of your hair.

A hair biopsy (the hair will be checked in a laboratory).

Blood tests can help a doctor find out if the hair loss is caused by a medical condition.

Continue to: Hair Loss Treatment in Women

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Best Ways for Treating Women in Depression

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Treating depression in women or women in depression commonly involves psychotherapy and antidepressants, usually selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or SSRIs. Both are equally effective with mild to moderate depression with psychotherapy being especially well adapted to depressive issues arising from given thought patterns and interpersonal relationships.


Cognitive behavior therapy coupled with the use of antidepressants can help women to alter the behaviors at the root of their depression so that they can ultimately go off the medication and cope quite well.

What are Some Tips for Dealing with Depression?

Exercise is a powerful remedy against depression. The body's natural endorphins, elevated by a good workout, will naturally improve your mood. At the same time you can help yourself to be happier, you will also be getting physically healthier.

Avoid the use of alcohol, sedatives and antihistamines which cause a "loggy," drugged feeling. Eat less protein and fat in favor of fruits and vegetables. Make sure you're getting plenty of Vitamins B6 and C.

Investigate some form of guided meditation, for instance disciplines involving patterned breathing. Learning an active mechanism for the control of anxiety and panic attacks will significantly decrease subsequent episodes of depression.




Don't isolate yourself. Ruminative thinking gets worse when you are alone. Spend time with family and friends and develop a support system. Everyone needs a friend or counselor with whom they can share both their joys and their sorrows.

In a depressive state, avoid making major, life-altering decisions. If you are tempted to do so, discuss the idea with a trusted friend or perhaps your minister. Force yourself to allow time to "sleep on" the idea.

Many women report that developing some aspect of spiritualism helps them to feel more grounded and able to weather the ups and downs of life. For some this may take the form of prayer, for others a regimen of yoga. Do what feels right for you, even combining disciplines if that gives you maximum benefit.

Is Research on Depression and Women Ongoing?

Better research is being conducted about the complex factors that go into the development of depression in women. A woman's hormonal fluctuations are unique to the individual and usually can not be treated with a "blanket" approach. In other words what works for one woman may not work for another.

Simply honoring the uniqueness of your life and your problems and combating them in a positive, affirming way in keeping with your belief and comfort levels is one of the greatest steps forward in dealing with depression. By keeping yourself informed, reading new research findings, and educating yourself about any therapies proposed by a health care professional, you are taking charge of your overall health and well being which is exactly what you should do.

Depression in women is a far more common disorder than most people realize. Left unaddressed the condition can negatively influence a woman's life and her interpersonal relationships. A feeling of defeat, however, should not overwhelm women and depression issues. These problems can be effectively overcome in an empowering way.

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Depression does not Cure by Itself! Attend To It

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Depression in women occurs twice as often than in men and can appear at any stage of life. Women from all socio-economic, racial, and educational backgrounds may be affected. As researchers gather more data concerning women and depression and come to better understand its role in their lives, the root causes seems to be an interplay of genetic factors, hormonal fluctuations, and life events.



What are the Symptoms of Depression?

Women who are experiencing depression don't just feel sad, they feel miserable. Most report extreme fatigue and a total absence of energy. The smallest tasks seem impossibly daunting. Anxiety attacks are common with depression and women as is reclusive, anti-social behavior.

Women in depression have trouble concentrating and feel they are failures and a burden to others. These feelings in turn lead to a sense of guilt and an inability to see a future. The depressed person may exhibit anger or irritability, often expressing a sense that life is unfair and passing them by. Insomnia is a common symptom and physical aches and pains for no apparent reason are also common.

What are some of the Causes and Risk Factors for Depression in Women?

Certain events in a woman's life put her at special risk for depression including puberty, pregnancy, perimenopause, substance abuse, relationship disruptions, and trauma. The presence of depression puts these women at further risk for suicide and death from illnesses caused by poor self-care and reduced attention to medical regimens.

Recent research indicates that major depressive episodes cluster in families. If you have a parent or sibling who has battled the disorder, you too are at increased risk. With the onset of puberty, the normal monthly cycle, pregnancy, and menopause a women experiences hormonal surges and disruptions that effect neuromodulators like serotonin. Depression and anxiety can result.

More than 80 percent of documented cases of depression in women are preceded by some adverse event ranging from childhood sexual abuse to spousal abuse. Early trauma, which is often suppressed for long periods of time, can actually have a more pronounced depressive effect than more recent events.

Statistics of depression in women have also revealed that women are more prone to ruminative thinking, a mental pattern which repetitively and passively focuses on symptoms, causes, and consequences. With relationships more central to a woman's sense of self than a male's, the combination of this emphasis and the ruminative thought pattern often leads to extended periods of depression focused on interpersonal relationships.

Don't Antidepressants have Side Effects?

Approximately 30 to 35 percent of individuals who take antidepressants are not helped by the medications. Although the drug companies assert that SSRIs like Prozac are not addictive, anecdotal evidence suggests otherwise. Many women report significant weight gain while taking SSRIs and Prozac has been found to actually cause suicidal behavior in some individuals.

You should never take an SSRI without fully understanding its range of potential side effects and potential interactions. If you are taking an SSRI do not go "cold turkey" off the drug. Gradually discontinue the use of the medication under the supervision of a doctor to avoid withdrawal symptoms, a sudden onset of depression, and even nerve damage. (There are also numerous natural and alternative remedies for depression that do not carry the same risk factors and side effects.)

Continue to: Best way of Treating Women in Depression

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